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<UserControl x:Class="BindingTest.myControl"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    Name="meincontrol"
    Height="300" Width="300">
    <Grid Background="Red">
        
        <Grid.ContextMenu>
            <ContextMenu>
                
                <!-- DAS BINDING HIER FUNZT LEIDER NICHT -->
                <MenuItem  Header="{Binding ElementName=meincontrol, Path=MeinText}"/>
            </ContextMenu>
        </Grid.ContextMenu>
        
        
        <!-- DAS BINDING HIER GEHT PERFEKT -->
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding ElementName=meincontrol, Path=MeinText}"/>
        
    </Grid>
</UserControl>                    

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        /// <summary>
        /// Eigenschaft MeinText
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly DependencyProperty MeinTextProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("MeinText", typeof(string), typeof(myControl),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("Hello World"));
        [TypeConverter(typeof(StringConverter))]
        public string MeinText {
            get {
                return (string)base.GetValue(MeinTextProperty);
            }
            set {
                base.SetValue(MeinTextProperty, value);
            }
        }