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procedure TForm1.Edit1Change(Sender: TObject);
begin
button1.Caption := edit1.Text;
 button1.Width := length(button1.Caption) * 10;
end;					

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procedure SetButtonWidthHeight(aButton: TButton;S: String);
var B : TBitmap;
begin
  B := TBitmap.Create;
  B.Canvas.Font := aButton.Font;
  aButton.Width := B.Canvas.TextWidth(S)+14;
  aButton.Height := B.Canvas.TextHeight(S)+14;
  aButton.Caption := S;
  B.Free;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  SetButtonWidthHeight(Button1,'Ein Schalter');
end;